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How Taliban Stormed Across Afghanistan, Smashing NATO-Trained Army in Ten Days_我的网站

A |     The August 15, 2021 fall of Kabul shocked the world, signaling the collapse of the West’s 20-year-long, multi-trillion-dollar nation-building experiment in Afghanistan in a single day.,Less than two weeks before the cataclysm, US and Afghan officials issued statement after statement expressing confidence in the Afghan military’s ability to fight on without American support on the ground.,“[The Afghan Army has] got greater numbers, they’ve got an air force, and, oh by the way, their air force is also flying…This is not an incompetent air force – they know how to fight from the air and they are. They have modern weaponry. They have military organizational ability as well as 20 years of training in the field by – not just the United States but our NATO and Allied partners. So they have a lot of advantages. It’s really just now about using those advantages,” Pentagon spokesman John Kirby told reporters in Washington on August 11, less than 100 hours before Kabul’s collapse.,In the chaotic few days that followed, Afghan Air Force personnel wound up flying nearly 50 helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft out of the country to neighboring Uzbekistan.,What happened? How did the US and NATO’s orderly withdrawal – which began in May 2021 amid fears that the Taliban would attack Western forces if they didn’t stick to the terms of the 2020 Trump-Taliban Doha peace deal, turn into such a humiliating and disorganized rout?,Paper Tiger vs Shoeless Army,On paper, the Afghan government and army seemed prepared for a years-long slog, similar to the one put up by the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, which managed to hold out against the Mujahedeen independently between 1989 and early 1992, even as the jihadists received billions in arms and cash from the CIA, Saudi and Egyptian intelligence, Pakistan and China. By comparison, the NATO-backed Afghan Army had serious problems with foreign support for the Taliban, with the insurgent group’s only major foreign backer consisting of Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence.,The Afghan military boasted a total size of some 300,000 personnel – the 16th largest army in the world, along with an impressive array of $85 billion in US-gifted weaponry, including tens of millions of guns, grenades and rocket launchers, 8,500 Humvees, hundreds of armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, tanks, mine-resistant ambush protected vehicles, and thousands of heavy and light trucks.,The Air Force’s inventory included more than two hundred Russian and US-made attack and utility helicopters, dozens of transport planes, and close to 30 Cessna 208 and A-29 Super Tucano ground attack and COIN jets.,US 'Lost Track' of Afghan War Aims, Says Retired Marine General12 August, 17:00 GMT,Facing off against them were the Taliban: a rag-tag group of militants whose core fighting force was estimated to consist of about 60,000 fighters, some of them shoeless, no air force, and limited mobility due to their adversary’s total air superiority and control of fuel.,Behind the scenes, a sprinkling of media reports and testimonies from Afghan soldiers and officials told a sobering story previewing the coming disaster, discussing the widespread disillusionment, demoralization and corruption centered around military and police structures based more on patronage, personal power and enrichment than competence and aptitude.,“There is no motivation for the army to fight for the corrupt government and corrupt politicians here,” Ahmad Wali Massoud, Afghanistan’s former envoy to the UK, told the Wall Street Journal on August 10, a few days before Kabul’s collapse.,“They are not fighting for [then-Afghan President Ashraf] Ghani. They haven’t even been fed properly. Why should they fight? For what? They are better off with the Taliban, which is why they are switching sides like that,” Massoud explained.,US Military Vehicles Falling Into Taliban Hands at Alarming Rate, Report Finds3 July 2021, 15:14 GMT,Ghani himself would end up fleeing the country as Kabul fell, with his entourage reportedly carrying so much money in suitcases from the state coffers that he had to leave some of it behind. Ghani has categorically dismissed these reports and denied allegations besmirching his good name.,John Sopko, the US inspector general for Afghanistan, warned Congress in March 2021 about the state of the Afghan’s military’s demoralization, admitting that “endemic corruption” was a threat, and that it was “fueling” the insurgency and giving the Taliban the means to gain public support.,Another problem, according to a May 2021 report by the Associated Press, was lack of professionalism. Attiqullah Amarkhiel, a former Afghan Army major general, told the news agency that while the Moscow-allied Afghan Army of 1989 consisted of about 150,000 high school educated troops. By contrast, he said, the NATO-trained crack troops of the Western-backed Afghan government had just six-to-eight weeks of basic training, with most recruits uneducated and/or allied to warlords.,“Then we had quality. Today we have quantity,” Amarkhiel said.,Blitzkrieg,This demoralization and corruption, combined with what The Intelligencer characterized as an institutionally built-in deep overdependence on US coalition support, culminated in the events of early-mid-August 2021.,By mid-July of that year, the Taliban was able to take advantage of coalition forces’ withdrawal by establishing control over large swathes of the Afghan countryside. However, no major cities and none of the country’s 34 provincial capitals were under the group’s control at the time. Throughout its two-decade insurgency campaign, the Taliban only launched one major strategic offensive against a government-controlled city – striking Kandahar in May 2011 before retreating back into the countryside.,Fast forward a decade, and the militant group would finally cast off their inhibitions about offensives cities.,On August 6, the militants captured Zaranj, capital of the southern province of Nimruz near the border with Iran, in a lightning attack, with government forces putting up light resistance and local bureaucrats fleeing the city.,A day later, the militants captured Sheberghan, capital of Jawzjan province, after heavy fighting. On August 8, Sar-e-Pul, Kunduz and Taluqan, three provincial capitals in the north of the country, fell, followed by Aybak in the northern Samangan province on August 9.,August 10 witnessed the collapse of Farah in the west and Pul-e-Khumri in Afghanistan’s center. A day later, Faizabad, capital of the northeastern province of Badakhshan also fell.,Animation showing Taliban's inexorable march towards Kabul. “The problem with the army was not lack of training or weapons. The most important thing in war is politics”Read @AmyKazmin @KatrinaManson and @b_parkyn's story on why the Afghan army foldedhttps://t.co/bjjJdPp15J pic.twitter.com/Ll6JrHQWLH— Steven Bernard (@sdbernard) August 15, 2021,August 12-13 would become the darkest days for the Afghan army and government up to that point, with the cities of Ghazni, Herat, Kandahar, Lashkar Gah, Qala-e-Naw, Feruz Koh, Pul-e-Alam, Terenkot and Qalat falling to the Taliban in the space of 48 hours. On August 14, the strategic northern city of Mazar-i-Sharif fell.,Finally, on August 15, 2021, Kabul and the eastern city of Jalalabad collapsed – falling, awkwardly, while tens of thousands of coalition troops, contractors, diplomats, Afghan puppet administration assistance and Western intelligence agents were still in the country.,© AP Photo / Rahmat GulA U.S. Chinook helicopter flies over the city of Kabul, Afghanistan, Sunday, Aug. 15, 2021. Taliban fighters entered the outskirts of the Afghan capital on Sunday, further tightening their grip on the country as panicked workers fled government offices and helicopters landed at the U.S. Embassy.A U.S. Chinook helicopter flies over the city of Kabul, Afghanistan, Sunday, Aug. 15, 2021. Taliban fighters entered the outskirts of the Afghan capital on Sunday, further tightening their grip on the country as panicked workers fled government offices and helicopters landed at the U.S. Embassy.© AP Photo / Rahmat Gul,In a post-op analysis of the events, General Yasin Zia, the former chief of staff of the Afghan army, estimated that some 4,000 security forces troops were killed, and 1,000 more gone missing, in the deadly weeks between July 1 and August 15, 2021 – with that figure representing about one half of the average of 8,000 Afghan security personnel killed each year over the previous five years.,Zia estimated that in total, some 92,000 members of the Afghan security forces died in the line of duty since 2001. Up to 100,000 Afghan civilians, tens of thousands of Taliban fighters, over 3,500 US and coalition troops, and 4,000+ Western mercenaries also perished.,* An organization under UN sanctions for terrorist activities.。    4月19日，谷雨。柯城区双港街道汪村村新塘山石室，雨。

B | 　　82年前的4月19日，同样也是个雨天，“杜立特突袭行动”首批队员来到这里。在这个防空洞里，先后共有51名队员集中于此，度过了一段令人难忘的时光。当天上午，美国杜立特突袭者子女协会代表一行走进汪村村，探寻先辈的足迹。　　美国杜立特突袭者子女协会代表一行走进新塘山石室，看到了精心布置的用餐和休息场景，墙上投影了“我从来没遇到过像他们这样真诚、爽快、朴实的好人，而且他们已经打了5年的仗了”等摘自美国飞行员们日记的话语，令人动容、久久伫立。据了解，这里曾先后集中了5号、11号、12号和14号四组机组的51位突袭队员，他们在这里生活了半个多月的时间。　　5号机组成员魏尔德·康特伯格的外孙乔治･邓肯･康特伯格，在新塘山石室门口铜像中找到了自己外祖父的身影，他抬手拍了拍“青年外公”的肩膀，与其“对话”。他在参观时情不自禁地捡起防空洞中的一块小石头，细细摩挲，随后又默默放回原处。　　“2018年3月份我来过一次，这次不仅感受到历史，更看到了变化，我愿意常来。”提及小石头，乔治･邓肯･康特伯格有些动容，“我想感受外公曾经到过的地方，但我不能带走它，把它留给历史才是最好的归宿。”　　空军航空第十三总站遗址的陈设，详细讲述了降落在浙皖闽赣等地的美国飞行员最后在柯城汪村村集合，再一批批离开衢州的史实。在空军航空第十三总站遗址门口，苏珊·奥扎克向衢州市杜立特行动历史研究会副会长郑伟勇询问：“我的父亲，3号机组的领航员查尔斯·奥扎克，和5号机组，谁降落得离衢州更近一些？”　　“5号机组是最早到达汪村集合的一批，但是3号机组降落的是离衢州最近的一批。

C | ”郑伟勇将自己的研究成果如实相告。得到答案的苏珊·奥扎克兴奋得像个孩子，举起双手激动地说道：“我赢了。”苏珊·奥扎克告诉记者，她和5号机组魏尔德·康特伯格外孙“打赌”谁的长辈在迫降中更靠近衢州，她很幸运地赢得了这次“赌约”。“我这次来，获得了更多细节。”　　来到法克特墓地时，雨止转晴。铭刻碑上有合拢的羽翼，代表着不再起飞的飞机，而羽翼之下有一块包裹着3号机飞机残骸和一朵来自飞机失事地山谷的山茶花组成的“琥珀”，美国杜立特突袭者子女协会代表向法克特铭刻碑献上了鲜花。据了解，利兰·法克特是“杜立特突袭行动”最年轻的队员，在杜立特突袭行动结束返航途中坠机身亡，年仅21岁。

D | “我的内心得到了平静，我希望法克特的家人也能感受到，我们知道中国人民也爱他，会照顾好他。”苏珊·奥扎克说。　　“在82年前的‘杜立特行动’大救援中，衢州人民倾囊相授，给予‘杜立特行动’队员最好的照顾。”美国杜立特突袭者子女协会代表刘美远、苏珊·奥扎克表示，他们会讲好“杜立特突袭行动”衢州大救援故事和中国故事，让更多年轻人了解历史，珍爱和平，在中美民间架起沟通桥梁，让血与火铸造的友谊代代相传。

E | 　　当天上午，美国杜立特突袭者子女协会代表一行还参观了沟溪乡余东未来乡村。美丽乡村的建设成果让他们倍感欣喜，也希望他们的“第二个家”——衢州，发展得越来越好，相信这段两国民间友谊也会随着时间的发展历久弥新……。

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